Retraction Policy for Published Articles

General Provisions

The retraction of a published article is applied in order to correct the scholarly record and to inform the academic community of significant violations of academic integrity or errors that preclude the further use of the research findings. The journal's editorial team is guided by the recommendations of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

  1. Grounds for Retraction

An article may be retracted upon the discovery of:

  • plagiarism or self-plagiarism;
  • fabrication or falsification of data;
  • significant methodological or factual errors affecting the reliability of the results;
  • duplicate publication;
  • copyright infringement;
  • undisclosed conflict of interest;
  • unethical use of artificial intelligence;
  • other serious violations of publication ethics.
  1. Initiation of the Retraction Procedure

The retraction procedure may be initiated by:

  • the editorial board;
  • the author(s) of the article;
  • a reviewer;
  • a third party (readers, academic institutions, editorial teams of other journals).

A request must be submitted to the editorial office in writing, with a statement of the reasons.

Review and Decision-Making

  1. The editor-in-chief conducts a preliminary review of the information received.
  2. Independent experts or members of the editorial board are consulted where necessary.
  3. The author(s) are given the opportunity to submit a written explanation.
  4. The final decision on retraction is made by the editorial board by a majority vote.

Publication of the Retraction Notice

Upon a decision to retract:

  • the article is retained in the journal's archive with a clear marking of " RETRACTED";
  • an official retraction notice is published stating the reasons;
  • the information is communicated to the relevant bibliometric databases and repositories;
  • the article's DOI is retained with an appropriate note.

Corrections and Expressions of Concern

In cases where violations are not critical, the editorial team may apply:

  • publication of a Correction;
  • publication of an Expression of Concern.

Consequences for Authors

The editorial team reserves the right to:

  • temporarily or permanently restrict an author's ability to publish in the journal;
  • notify the author's academic institution;
  • decline further collaboration with the journal.

The retraction procedure is carried out in accordance with the principles of objectivity, impartiality, and confidentiality, and may be revised in line with updates to international publication ethics standards.